From Wikitravel

For other places with the same name, see Moscow (disambiguation).

Moscow [1] is the capital of Russia.

Contents 1 Understand 1.1 History 1.2 Geography 2 Get in 2.1 Visa Requirements 2.2 By plane 2.3 By train 2.4 By car 2.5 By bus 2.6 By ship 3 Get around 3.1 By Metro 3.2 By Taxi 3.3 Other means of public transport 4 See 4.1 Main sites 4.2 Other sites 5 Learn 6 Work 7 Buy 8 Eat 8.1 Budget 8.2 Mid-range 8.3 Splurge 9 Drink 10 Sleep 10.1 Budget 10.2 Mid-range 10.3 Splurge 11 Contact 12 Cope 13 Get out

Understand

Moscow has a population of around 11 million, and covers an area of around 1080 km².

History

Caroline Brooke, Moscow: A Cultural History (2006: OUP Cityscapes series, ISBN: 0195309529) is a good place to start.

Geography

Moscow is located on the Moskva River, which bends its way through the southern and western parts of the city. Most of the main sites are on the northern bank of the river. The other major waterway is the Yauza River, which flows into the Moskva east of the Kremlin.

Much of Moscow's geography is defined by the numerous 'Ring Roads' that circle the city at various distances from the center. With Red Square and the Kremlin forming the very center, the innermost ring road is the Boulevard Ring, which which runs from the Christ the Saviour Cathedral in south-west central Moscow, to the mouth of the Yauza in south-east central Moscow.

The next ring road is the Garden Ring, which used to be the place of Moscow's outer walls. It derives its name from the fact that landowners near the road in Tsarist times were obligated to maintain gardens to make the road attractive. In Soviet times the road was widened and was meant to be a place where planes could land during WWII.

The recently constructed Third Ring is not much use for tourists but is a heavily used motorway which absorbs a bit of Moscow's traffic. The outer edge of Moscow is largely defined by the Moscow Ring Road, a motorway which encircles the entire city (similar to London's M25 and Paris' Peripherique). Finally, a Fourth Ring is due to be built between the Third Ring and the Moscow Ring Road in the next years.

Get in

Visa Requirements

Russia has strict visa requirements that are very discouraging for travelers. The processing time and additional fees will often add up to a large amount. You need to get support documents, and then apply for a visa. For details on visa requirements, check Russian Visa Info for a good overview.

By plane

Moscow has four airports:

• Sheremetyevo International Airport, [2].
• Domodedovo International Airport, [3].
• Bykovo Airport.
• Vnukovo International Airport, [4].

Moscow is, by far, the main air traffic hub of Russia and will continue to be as both Sheremetyevo and Vnukovo are undergoing major development plans (both are due to build brand new and large terminals in the next years) and Domodedovo plans to more than double terminal space to 225,000 m² this year (2006) and to invest a further $300 million into construction and upgrades in the next two years.

In the past, nearly all international flights (from outside the former USSR) landed at Sheremetyevo International Airport, commonly called Sheremetyevo II. Sheremetyevo I is actually Terminal I of the same airport; however, it is located a considerable distance from Sheremetyevo II and for practical purposes is a separate airport. Sheremetyevo I handles mostly domestic flights as well as charter flights to resort destinations. However, Domodedovo and Vnukovo are increasingly competing for international flights, and several international carriers, including British Airways, have switched to Domodedovo. It is quite likely that Domodedovo ends up the year (2005) as Russia's leading airport in number of passengers, both domestic and international.

Sheremetyevo II is best reached by going to the metro station Rechnoi Voksal and taking a bus 851 or a shared, fixed-price taxi called Marshrutka from there. Buses depart very regularly (about 30 minutes). Without jams the trip takes about 30-40 minutes and costs 5-40 RUB, depending which one you take and amount of your luggage. If you have plenty of bulky luggage, you should not take Marshrutka. Be careful because the same bus/Marshrutka goes also to Sheremetyevo I and remember that when going to the airport they stop first at Sheremetyevo II and then at Sheremetyevo I. They arrive and depart right in front of the terminal.

Other option is to take a bus 817 or Marshrutka to/from metro station Planernaya. Trip takes 40-50 minutes

Domodedovo is most conveniently reached by an express train from Paveletsky Train Station (near a metro of the same name). The trip takes about 40 minutes and takes you directly into the station. Trains depart every hour starting at 6AM (every 30 minutes in peak hours). Alternatively, you can go to the Domodedovskaya metro station and catch a bus or a shuttle from there--neither is operating at night.

If you prefer to go to the airport by car, it is best to call a taxi agency and book a cab. There are many agencies that can provide this service, and the cost ranges from $20-30 or more. All airports have taxi stands where you can negotiate the price and get yourself a driver. Don't listen to people offering you a taxi around the terminal, it is most of the time either not safe or will all end up in a major(!) rip-off.

By train

Moscow lies at the western end of the Trans-Siberian Railway from Beijing, Ulaanbaatar and Vladivostok. You can reach here from almost anywhere in Europe and Central Asia. Moscow is also the main railway hub of Russia.

Moscow has nine train stations, each offering long-distance and local train services. All are located relatively in the center of Moscow and have metro stations nearby.

• Belorussia Station: Serves Smolensk, Minsk, Poland, Berlin, and other destinations.
• Savyolov Station
• Riga Station: Serves Riga and other Latvian destinations.
• Leningrad Station: Serves Novgorod, Pskov, St. Petersburg, Vologda, Petrozavodsk, Tallinn, and Helsinki.
• Yaroslavl Station: Serves Rostov Veliki, Sergeev Posad, Yarlslavl, Novosibirsk, several destinations in Siberia and the Russian Far East, and Beijing.
• Kazan Station: Serves Nizhni Novgorod, Kazan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
• Kursk Station: Serves Vladimir, Nizhni Novgorod, Tula, Adler/Sochi, the Crimea, and eastern Ukraine.
• Paveletsky Station: Serves Voronezh, Astrakhan, and other destinations to the South.
• Kiev Station: Serves Kiev, other destinations in central and southern Ukraine, Budapest, Zagreb, Belgrade, and Sofia.

By car

Foreign cars – especially expensive ones – might attract unwelcome attention, and there is cumbersome paperwork involved.

By bus

• Eurolines, [5]. Operate coach services into Moscow. Typical fares would be £10 (one-way) to Riga,Latvia, or £60 to London in the United Kingdom.

Intercity busses to Russian and some former Soviet Union cities depart from the intercity bus station (автовокзал) at Shelkovskaya Metro station (the last station of the dark blue line, in northeast Moscow). This is the only place in Moscow from which public transportation is available directly to Suzdal.

By ship

Moscow is also served by passenger ships. Most of them are used for river cruises, but there are still some that serve as ordinary public transport, like train. There are two river terminals in Moscow.

Get around

By Metro

Central Moscow is best explored on foot, but the visitor will most likely use the famous Metro system. It is comprehensive, boasts some great architecture, and is quite cheap. A trip costs 15 rubles/$0.5 (convenient way is to buy tickets for 10 and 20 trips - trips became cheaper: 10 tickets 125 RUB [Verified May 2006]). It's important to know that often colours in the underground's signs don't correspond to the ones on the maps, so the green line is not necessarily indicated by a green sign (that could be the sign for the gray line). To not miss your path refer to numbers, that is to say: line 3 is line 3 whatever colour is on the sign! There are no English signs inside so have your itinerary ready beforehand or learn to read cyrillic, which is not impossible. Don't let yourself be stressed by the huge masses of people. The Russians also take their time to study the tiny signposts to see where to change trains or which exit to take. Don't use the metro if you are claustrophobic as the air is getting thick especially at rush hours. The most interesting in terms of decor are Komsomolskaya and Novoslobodskaya on the ring line as well as Mayakovskaya on the green line (watch for the mosaics on the ceiling)

By Taxi

In Russia and Moscow the difference between hailing a cab and simply hitchhiking is blurry. It's an old Russian tradition for drivers to offer rides to strangers, for a fee. For many Russians it's like a second job. Generally, wherever you are, at any time of day or night, you can get a 'cab' in a matter of minutes or seconds by holding out your hand. Hold your hand out low by your hip, not up high as they hail cabs in American films. Normally, you tell the driver where you're going, and negotiate an amount with you naming the first price. For many locations, giving the closest Metro stop is the best plan of attack. If you don't like the amount one guy is charging, you'll doubtlessly find another driver in a minute or two. Sometimes, when you tell the driver where you're going, he'll decide he's not going in that direction and drive off. Keep in mind, though, that very few drivers will speak English.

You should be able to get between most destinations within the Garden Ring for RUB 200 or less, unless it's not a national holiday or hours when metro doesn't work. For example a typical charge for a New Year Eve is RUR 500.

There are several taxi services operating in Moscow, the most noticeable on the streets been The New Yellow Taxi (Novoye Zholtoye Taxi) - the cars are yellow Fords or Volgas (Russian car brand). They will charge the minimum rate of around 250 roubles no matter the distance. Do not take these, although they are registered, legitimacy means nothing, and you will find yourself feeling extorted when the meter reads 2,000RUR for a 10 minute drive. But hey no worries, you will probably get "special price" of only 1000RUR!

Other means of public transport

Although it is often neglected, public transit in Moscow can be an alternative to the metro. Moscow has wide network of bus, trolley-bus and tram lines.

There is also a monorail in Moscow.

See

Main sites

• Red Square
• St Basil Cathedral Built 1555-61. Inside is a museum, although it looks best from the outside.
• The Kremlin Must not be missed. The Diamond collection is worth a visit on its own. If you get a chance, the ballet in the Conference centre has some very cheap matinee performances. (And you can change seats in the interval)
• Old Arbat Street Walk down this lively street full of souvenir vendors, cafes, restaurants, artists, etc. The prices of the souvenirs are not bad--check both the shops and the street vendors.
• Bolshoi Theater Sit in front of the famed theater near the fountain, or catch a show inside if you can.
• Tretyakov Gallery One of the world's great museums, this is probably the one to choose if you only want to visit one museum in Moscow. In contrast to the worldwide collection of the Pushkin Museum, the Tretyakov is mostly a collection of Russian art. It has the best collection of Russian icons, and many of the most famous pieces of modern Russian artists like Ilya Repin.

Other sites

Less essential sites, but very worthwhile if you have the time, include:

• New Arbat Street Located near Old Arbat Street, this street offers a contrast from the touristy pedestrian-only thoroughfare. New Arbat is perhaps where Moscow's rich are the most visible, as some of Moscow's most expensive restaurants and nightclubs are located here. There are some reasonably priced cafes however. The street is lavishly lit up at night and is always very lively.
• Tverskaya Street This street starts from the Kremlin itself and runs Northwest in the direction of Tver (hence the name) and St. Petersburg. For that reason the road was a very important thoroughfare in Tsarist Russia. It is now Moscow's most fashionable street, with several prestigious boutiques, and is also lined with cafes, restaurants, coffeehouses, a couple of theaters, and several hotels, including two locations of the Marriott. Most of the street's architecture doesn't actually have much history to it, though along the way you will find Russia's first and the world's busiest McDonalds. The statue of Pushkin at Pushkinskaya Square, near the KFC is a very popular meeting point
• Gorky Park Easily the best known of Moscow's many parks, Gorky Park is packed with a number of theme-park rides, cafes, places to stroll, and a quaint-looking pond, all straddled alongside the Moskva river. Gorky Park is a very popular place for Muscovites of all ages. In winter it's a popular place to ice skate, and it hosts an ice sculpture competition.
• Kolomenskoye This former imperial estate is now a very popular weekend destination for Muscovites. It is a vast collection of churches and other buildings from the 16-17th centuries, including some wooden architecture that was transported here by the Soviet government from Karelia. Kolomenskoye is located in the south-east of Moscow near a metro station of the same name.
• Victory Park This massive memorial to WWII was built for the 50-year anniversary of V-E day in 1995. On weekends, it is very popular with newlyweds. The park now has its own metro station of the same name.
• Vorobyovy Gory 'Sparrow Hills' in English, this the best place for a view of Moscow from the ground. Right near the main Moscow State University building, there is a popular lookout point. You can see much of the city on clear days.
• VDNKh, aka VVTs. The Russian acronym "VDNKh" stood for "Exhibit of the People's Economic Achievements". It has been since renamed "All-Russian Exhibition Center" ("Vserossiynskiy Vystavochiniy Tsentr"). However, it is popularly known by the Soviet abbreviations. Previously this was a massive exhibit of the advances and progress of the USSR. Now it is largely a marketplace for everything from computers to bicycles. However, many of the monuments and fountains here make the area a nice place to stroll. You can also visit the adjacent Botanical Gardens. VDNKh is at a metro station of the same name.

• Christ the Savior Cathedral This cathedral, the largest Orthodox church in the world, was blown up after orders from Stalin in 1931, then rebuilt in the mid-nineties. There is an extensive museum beneath the cathedral documenting its history (the original was first started in 1839 and consecrated in 1883).
• Novodevichy Convent Both a convent and a fortress, Novodevichy was built in the early 1500s and has remained nearly intact since the 17th century, making it one of the best preserved historical complexes in Moscow. The adjacent Novodevichy Cemetery is one of Russia's most famous cemeteries. Famous people buried here include Anton Chekhov, Nickolai Gogol, Konstantine Stanislavski, Nikita Khrushchev, and Raisa Gorbachev (the former premier's wife).

Learn

• Moscow State University
• Bauman's University

Work

You will need a work visa. Not an easy process. Needs to be arranged in advance of travelling.

Buy

Don't plan on using your credit card as you make your way around. Many stores, restaurants, and even the long-distance trains (for example to St Petersburg) won't accept them, so cash is a necessity. And be sure to break your 1000 RUB notes where you can, as the smaller merchants, street vendors and even many metro clerks will likely refuse them. If you are a first timer in Moscow be streetwise, as locals sometimes tend to cheat the foreigners. For example, check the change returned to you and do not simply say yes to what you do not understand. You might just get an extra Apple Pie after simply ordering French Fries from McDonalds.

Buying souvenirs can be quite a chore if you do not stay in Center of Moscow. You can get cheaper souvenirs from Izmaylovskiy Market in Izmalylovo Park and other markets meant for locals. Remember that most Russians may not be excessively friendly to visitors. Walking out in the middle of a bargaining session will NOT, most likely, get you the price you want; instead insults will be hurled towards you.

Eat

Most tourists will find eating out in Moscow quite expensive. It does not have to be that way, but the most visible options generally are. Although the restaurant scene in Moscow is a vast improvement from Soviet times, Russians still eat out infrequently and regard restaurants as a luxury.

There are a number of Western (American) franchise restaurants, such as KFC and TGI Friday's.

Great American-style breakfasts can be had at either of the Amerikanski Bar locations, as well as thick juicy cheeseburgers.

A huge and quickly growing range of restaurants, with a matching range of prices, has developed in Moscow. The average cost per person for a middle to top class restaurant will be $30 to $200 (more if one goes for vintage wines). A quick 'canteen' style meal in a 'Stolovaya' can cost about $3. The chain restaurant 'Moo-Moo' offers adequate quality canteen food, with English menus, for around $5 pp. Most Muscovites do not eat in even cheap restaurants very often, although lately a lot of new "middle-class" restaurants have opened, sprawling with families on weekends. The omnipresent McDonald's have outlets near many metro stations.

Besides Russian cuisine, one variety of ethnic food that is strongly recommended while in Moscow is Georgian. This cuisine is generally spicier than Russian food, and there are a number of reasonably priced Georgian restaurants in Moscow.

Fast Food is a growing thing in Moscow. The likes of McDonalds and KFC and Rostiks are seen nearby almost every shopping mall. While McDonalds and Sbarros Pizzas serve quite a filling serving for a reasonable price(approx. 100Roubles for McD and 150Roubles for Sbarros), most other fast food outlets including the local fast food chains will not fill you up in one serving. A potato topped with 3 choice toppings will cost you 145Roubles which is almost $5. Contrary to most countries whereby ketchup and various sauces are given for free, they are usually charged 5Roubles for a packet of ketchup. At times, you can see budget travellers and students bringing in their own sauces from home. Be wise when ordering and do not get cheated because they tend to take advantage of foreigners who speak no Russian at all. Get used to the Russian's attitude of hurling insults at you for ordering incorrectly. Customer service is still unknown here.

Budget

There are several chains of outdoor stand-up food vendors, usually located around metro stations. Two to look for are:

• Kroshka-Kartoshka These green kiosks sell stuffed baked potatoes, as well as toasted sandwiches and a few drinks.
• Teremok These brown-colored kiosks sell large blinchiki, or Russian pancakes (actually these will remind you more of crêpes). They have a wide variety of fillings.

Another cheap option is fast food. There are several chains of restaurants that are now very widespread, and again are usually located near metro stations. The 1990 opening of McDonalds was an international event, and now it has over 70 outlets in Moscow. Rostiks, a Russian chain, is KFC main competitor, and specializes in fried chicken.

Kruzhka [6] is a chain of "beer restaurants" which serves cheap food and, as its name suggests, mugs of beer. It can be found in 20 locations around Moscow. The menu is relatively simple, consisting mainly of types of Kebab and shaurma, with fries. Sport events are on often shown on televisions or big screen.

Mid-range

• Dyadya Vanya m. Pushkinskaya/Chekhovskaya. Literally 'Uncle Ivan's', this place also uses a nostalgic interior, of the inter-war period.
• Korchma Taras Bulba This is restaurant of Ukrainian cuisine. Interior is decorated like a Ukrainian house. There always are playing Ukrainian music. This is chain restaurant. The cuisine is Ukrainian, but still it is quite common to the national Russian cuisine. Dinner costs $25 for two persons. Address Petrovka st. 30/7 near metro Pushkinskaya/Chekhovskaya. Pyatnickaya st. 14 near metro Novokuznetsckaya.

Splurge

• Krasnaya ploschad dom 1 This restaurant is situated in the heart of Moscow, in the Historical museum building on the Red Square to the right hand if you are looking at the Lenin Mausoleum. This is quite expensive place the cost for dinner per person is near $70-80. But it is worth visiting.

Drink

There are several bars in central Moscow worth visiting. Tema bar (Theme bar) is located near Chistye Prudy boulevar (Potapovsky pereulok, 5). It boasts quite a long cocktail list, including all time favorites like Screwdriver, Cosmopolitan and Manhattan. The bar is packed on Friday and Saturday nights.

Gogol' Bar (Speakeasy)is located on the posh Stoleshnikov pereulok. The street houses the De Luxe brand shops such as Chanel, Burberry, Cartier etc. The entrance to the bar is between Vivienne Westwood and Lancel boutiques. The interior, menu and drinks are quite simple. Musical performances every weekend. During winter the small yard is used as a skating rink. There are also Gogol' Bars on Arbat and Maroseika street.

Sleep

Budget

• Hotel Zarya, Gostinichnaya Street 4, Tel: +7 495 7887272, [7]. Rooms from RUR 1600.
• Godzillashostel, Bolshoi Karetnyy 6, Apt 5 (First Floor), [8]. $25 per night in dorm.

Mid-range

Splurge

• Hotel National

• Hotel Baltchug Kempinski

• Swissotel Krasnye Holmy

• Hotel Moscow

Contact

In Russia there are many GSM carriers, and they often have offers that give you a SIM card for free. If you are planning to stay for a long while and to keep in touch with Russian people; then you should consider buying a SIM card of a local carrier instead of going on roaming. For calling abroad there is a very cheap phone card (i.e. 120 RUB for about 10 minutes of conversation toward Western Europe). This card can also exploit IP technologies and so give you very cheap rates (i.e. 1 hour for 10 RUB toward Western Europe). You can find this card in any Post Office and in many shops and kiosks in the City (however, the Post Office has lower prices).

Cope

Get out

St. Petersburg: Get the overnight train to St Petersburg. Leaves Moscow at midnight and arrives the next morning at 8AM. Pay the extra money for a 1st class sleeper cabin which has 2 comfortable beds. Included in the price is a small snack for supper/breakfast. There is also an attendant for each carriage who is willing to make tea in classic metal and glass tea glasses. Very civilised way to travel.

• Arkhangelskoye

• Leninskiye Gorki

• Borodino battlefield

This is a usable article. It has information for getting in as well as some complete entries for restaurants and hotels. An adventurous person could use this article, but please plunge forward and help it grow!